[Scpg] How to make water go uphill

[Fitzsimmons, Mark A PWR]

Thanks Larry and Don for descriptions of Keyline. I'd never heard of
that term for natural irrigation, but it's very sensible. 

All this talk reminds me of the hydraulic jump, which is an open air
transfer of energy from kinetic to vertical height. This is the first of
the natural forces that are used in the ram pump, however since a
hydraulic jump is in open air, the amount of extra height you can get is
not as great as if you channel and direct it with pipes and valves and
surge tanks. Beautiful examples here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_jump

The ram pump uses another effect called water hammer to take the peak
pressure spike when you suddenly stop the water from moving and
translates that into considerably more vertical height by using it to
move only a small fraction of the stored water much higher than the
hydraulic jump ever could. 

The hydraulic jump occurs naturally whenever water moving down an
incline with some velocity encounters a sudden reduction in slope. The
depth of the water increases and the velocity slows down, and this
happens very quickly, almost a step function. I did some mathematical
modeling and tests of hydraulic jumps several years ago, so could
probably give more detail than you want to know if you're really
interested, but it's not going to give you much practical use. The
hydraulic jump is very turbulent and therefore a lot of energy is
wasted, and impossible to analyze exactly, as mathematical models are
either correlations or very coarse approximations. 

At best, you might use this principal to redirect water coming off a
natural waterfall with some velocity into pipes or channels that then
use the keyline design principles. In my previous job, we used it for a
very beautiful visual effect.

Here some Munich citizens have used one for surfing:
http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/1469547.html