Greening the Desert
Friday, 15 November 2002
They laughed at him and said it couldn't be done. Nothing could be
grown in
that salt laden dustbowl. But Geoff and Sindhu Lawton had other
ideas. They
travel the world teaching others how to repair trashed environments
that
are beyond hope of becoming productive.
In this story, Geoff talks about re-greening the deserts of Jordan.
By
applying the principles of permaculture, they managed to salvage a
heavily
salted environment and turn it into a green oasis.
Geoff and Sindhu live and teach at their farm near The Channon, a
small
community not far from Lismore. Geoff boasts that despite not having
a
police station or church, The Channon has some of the most tolerant
and
friendly people in Australia.
Transcript - Geoff Lawton
So we went in and had a look and we thought “Oh, no!” This is the
end of
the earth. This is like as hard as you can get. This is hyper arid.
Completely salted landscape. Four hundred metres below sea level -
lowest
place on Earth. Two kilometres from the Dead Sea. About two
kilometres from
where Jesus was christened. Hardly got any rainfall. We’ve got
temperatures
in August that go over 50 degrees. Everybody is farming under
plastic
strips - spray, spray spray! Everybody’s putting synthetic
fertiliser on.
Overgrazed with goats! Just like maggots eating the flesh off the
bone,
down to the bones of the country. Literally like maggots giant
maggots
eating it to nothing.
So we designed up a system that would harvest every bit of rainwater
that
fell on it.
On ten acres, there’s one and a half kilometres of Swale water
harvesting
ditch on contour. And when they’re full, one million litres of water
soak
into the landscape. And they’ll fill quite a few times over a
winter. And
then we heavily mulched those swales with organic matter which was
trashed
from organic fields nearby. We put that almost half a metre deep. So
we
saved that and mulched our swales which were about two metres wide
and half
a metre deep on the trench. And then we put micro irrigation on the
trench.
And on the uphill side of the water harvesting trench we put Nitro
fixing,
very hardy desert trees which helped shade and reduce wind
evaporation and
also put nitrogen into the soil. And structure the soil for us. And
on the
lower side of the trench we put fruit trees. Majoring in date palms
as the
long-term over-storey in the end. And then we put in Figs,
Pomegranates,
Guavas, Mulberries and now some Citrus.
Within four months we had figs, a metre high with figs on, which is
impossible. We done a course, male and female course. Trained up
some
locals. And we got a translator whose working for the project. He
had his
degree in agriculture, in the Jordan University. And he got onto his
mates
in the agriculture department, “Well,” he said, “you (said we)
couldn’t
grow figs. We got figs growing. We got figs on ‘em. You better come
and
test the soil because no matter what you say, we’re either growing
in salty
soil what we shouldn’t be growing or we’ve desalted the soil! And
we’d like
to know what we’ve done?” They came in and the salt levels were
dropping.
So they became interested. The salt levels were dropping around the
Swales.
They said, “You’ve must have washed it through.” See, normaly you
put this
huge amount of water on ‘em and wash the salt to the lower levels
which
just makes the ground more and more salty. In the end, you’ll salt
it
twenty metres deep if you keep doing that. And then it’ll take a
thousand
years to recover. And we used only one fifth the amount of water. So
the
water they thought we’ve washed it all through, no we used one
fifth!
That really got ‘em. When they realized how much water we hadn’t
used. With
the same amount of water normally used on that much area, we could
have
done 50 acres.
Originally people laughed at us because we didn’t put straight lines
in. We
went on contour with these swales. They thought, “Why don’t you,
you got a
bulldozer, you can flatten the desert, you can straighten--” We
said, we
want to go on contour, because we got a longer edge and we can
harvest the
water passively. And then we planted more non-fruiting trees than we
did
fruit trees. So they laughed at us. (They said,) “You’re planting
unproductive things more than productive things. What the point? You
know.
In soil that wont even grow anything. And then we covered all the
inside of
the swale with huge amount of mulch where they scrape all their
organic
matter off and burn it, like most traditional agriculture.
In the middle of winter we got a funny email saying “We’ve got a
problem.
We’ve got mushrooms growing in the Swale. Well they call it fungus,
but
when we saw a photograph of it, it was mushrooms because they’d
never seen
mushrooms, because they never had so much humidity in living history
in the
soil. And when you open up the mulch, there’s all these little
animals
there, you know those little insects and the soil has come alive.
And the
fungi net that’s underneath the mulch, is putting off a waxy
substance,
which is repelling the salt away from the area. And the
decomposition is
locking the salt up and the salt is not gone. It’s become inert and
insoluble.
So we could re-green the Middle East. We could re-green any desert.
And we
could desalt it at the same time. And if we can do it on an
insignificant
little bit of flat ten acres of depth desert, if you give us
something with
catchment, or a Wadi, or a canyon or any of those erosion gully’s,
we can
turn it right around. Completely.
You can fix all the world’s problems, in a garden. You can solve
them all
in a garden. You can solve all your pollution problems, and all your
supply
line needs in a garden.
And most people today actually don’t know that, and that makes most
people
very insecure.
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Anonymous
May
no bomb fall on your head
or on your child's head or on your enemy's head
or on his child's head
or on the snail
in his garden.